AAA—Abdominal aortic aneurysm
ACh—Acetylcholine
AChR—ACh receptor
AFB—Acid-fast bacillus
AIDS—Acquired immunodeficiency syndrome
aPTT—Activated partial thromboplastin time
ACS—Acute coronary syndrome
ARDS—Acute respiratory distress syndrome
ATN—Acute tubular necrosis
ARB—Add angiotensin receptor blocker
ADP—Adenosine diphosphate
ATPase—Adenosine triphosphatase
ATP—Adenosine triphosphate
ACTH—Adrenocorticotropic hormone
ALT—Alanine aminotransferase
A-a—Alveolar-arterial
AA—Amino acids
AT1—Amino acid transporter
NH3—Ammonia
NH4+—Ammonium
ACE—Angiotensin-converting enzyme
ANGII—Angiotensin II
ARBs—Angiotensin receptor blockers
AE1—Anion exchanger 1
ABI—Ankle-brachial index
AS—Ankylosing spondylitis
AWMI—Anterior wall myocardial infarction
anti-CCP—Anti-cyclic citrullinated peptide
ADH—Antidiuretic hormone
APC—Antigen-presenting cell
ANCA—Antineutrophil cytoplasmic autoantibody
ANA—Antinuclear antibody
APL—Antiphospholipid
ART—Antiretroviral treatment
ASCA—Anti-Saccharomyces cerevisiae antibody
TNF—Anti-tumor necrosis factor
AR—Aortic regurgitation
AS—Aortic stenosis
ABG—Arterial blood gas
AV—Arteriovenous
AST—Aspartate aminotransferase
AFib—Atrial fibrillation
ANP—Atrial natriuretic peptide
AV—Atrioventricular
ASCT—Autologous stem cell transplant
BPH—Benign prostatic hyperplasia
HMG-CoA—Beta-hydroxy-beta-methylglutarylcoenzyme A
BiPAP—Bilevel positive airway pressure
BP—Blood pressure
BUN—Blood urea nitrogen
BMT—Bone marrow transplant
BRCA—Breast cancer antigen
BAL—Bronchoalveolar lavage
BNP—B-type natriuretic peptide
CREST—Calcinosis cutis, Raynaud phenomenon, esophageal motility disorder, sclerodactyly, and telangiectasia
CCBs—Calcium channel blockers
CO2—Carbon dioxide
CA II—Carbonic anhydrase II
CO—Carbon monoxide
COHg—Carboxyhemoglobin
CMC—Carpometacarpal
COMT—Catechol-O-methyltransferase
CDC—Center for Disease Control and Prevention
CDI—Central diabetes insipidus
CNS—Central nervous system
CSF—Cerebrospinal fluid
CT—Chest computed tomography
CLC-5—Chloride channel 5
CLC-Kb—Chloride channel Kb
CHF—congestive heart failure
COPD—Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease
CAP—Community-acquired pneumonia
CBCs—Complete blood counts
CHEM-20—Comprehensive metabolic panel
CT—Computed tomography
CCS—Computer-based case simulation
CURB—Confusion, uremia, respiratory distress, BP low
CPAP—Continuous positive airway pressure
BP—Control blood pressure
CRH—Corticotropin-releasing hormone
CRP—C-reactive protein
CK—Creatine kinase
CK-MB—Creatine kinase myocardial band
CPK—Creatine phosphokinase
CK—Creatinine kinase
CJD—Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease
CD—Crohn disease
cAMP—Cyclic adenosine monophosphate
cGMP—Cyclic guanosine monophosphate
CMV—Cytomegalovirus
cANCA—Cytoplasmic antineutrophil cytoplasmic antibody
DAF—Decay-accelerating factor
DTRs—Deep tendon reflexes
DVT—Deep venous thrombosis
DHEA—Dehydroepiandrosterone
DM—Dermatomyositis
DDAVP—Desmopressin acetate
D5W—Dextrose 5% in water
DI—Diabetes insipidus
DLCO—Diffusing capacity of the lungs for carbon monoxide
DSA—Digital subtraction angiography
DPP-IV—Dipeptidyl peptidase IV
DM—Disease management
DMARDs—Disease-modifying antirheumatic drugs
DCT—Distal convoluted tubule
DIP—Distal interphalangeal
dsDNA—Double-stranded DNA
EF—Ejection fraction
ECG—Electrocardiogram
EMG—Electromyography
ED—Emergency department
ERCP—Endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography
EUS—Endoscopic ultrasound
ESRD—End-stage renal disease
ENaC—Epithelial sodium channel
EBV—Epstein-Barr virus
ESR—Erythrocyte sedimentation rate
EPO—Erythropoietin
ER—Estrogen receptor
FSPs—Fibrin split products
5-FC—5-Flucytosine
FTA—Fluorescent treponemal antibody
FTA-ABS—Fluorescent treponemal antibody absorption
FSH—Follicle-stimulating hormone
FEF25–75%—Forced expiratory flow 25% to 75%
FEV1—Forced expiratory volume at 1 second
FiO2—Forced inspiratory oxygen
FVC—Forced vital capacity
Fab—Fragment antigen binding
FFP—Fresh frozen plasma
GABA—Gamma-aminobutyric acid
GGTP—Gammaglutamyl transferase
ZES—Gastrinoma
GERD—Gastroesophageal reflux disease
GI—Gastrointestinal
GFR—Glomerular filtration rate
GLP—Glucagonlike peptide
GIP—Glucose-dependent insulinotropic peptide
G6P—Glucose-6-phosphate
G6PD—Glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase
HbA1c—Glycated hemoglobin
GSK3—Glycogen synthase kinase 3
GPI—Glycosylphosphatidylinositol
GnRH—Gonadotropin-releasing hormone
GH—Growth hormone
GBS—Guillain-Barré syndrome
HEENT—Head, ears, eyes, nose, throat
HFE—Hemochromatosis
Hb—Hemoglobin
HgBart—Hemoglobin Bart’s
HUS—Hemolytic uremic syndrome
HIT—Heparin-induced thrombocytopenia
HMP—Hexose monophosphate
HDL—High-density lipoprotein
HCG—Human chorionic gonadotropin
HIV—Human immunodeficiency virus
HLA—Human leukocyte antigen
HLA-B27—Human Leukocyte Antigen B27
HD—Huntington disease
HCTZ—Hydrochlorothiazide
11-HSD—11-Hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase
HOCM—Hypertrophic obstructive cardiomyopathy
ITP—Idiopathic thrombocytopenic purpura
IgA—Immunoglobulin A
IgE—Immunoglobulin E
IgG—Immunoglobulin G
IgM—Immunoglobulin M
IVC—Inferior vena cava
IBD—Inflammatory bowel disease
IDU—Injection drug use
IGF—Insulinlike growth factor
IRSs—Insulin receptor substrates
ICU—Intensive care unit
IFN—Interferon
IGRA—Interferon gamma release assay
IL—Interleukin
INR—International normalized ratio
ISUP—International Society of Urological Pathology
IM—Intramuscularly
IV—Intravenous
IVIG—Intravenous immunoglobulin
IVIG—IV immunoglobulin
JAK2—Janus kinase 2
JVD—Jugulovenous distention
LDH—Lactate dehydrogenase
LA—Left atrium
LBBB—Left bundle branch block
LV—Left ventricle
LVESD—Left ventricular end-systolic diameter
LVH—Left ventricular hypertrophy
LAP—Leukocyte alkaline phosphatase
LFTs—Liver function tests
LATS—Long-acting thyroidstimulator
LOC—Loss of consciousness
LDL—Low-density lipoprotein
LES—Lower esophageal sphincter
LMWH—Low molecular weight heparin
LP—Lumbar puncture
LH—Luteinizing hormone
MRCP—Magnetic Resonance Cholangiopancreatography
MRI—Magnetic resonance imaging
MH—Malignant hyperthermia
MCV—Mean corpuscular volume
MAC—Membrane attack complex
6MP—6-Mercaptopurine
mRNA—Messenger RNA
MCP—Metacarpophalangeal
MTP—Metatarsophalangeal
MetHb—Methemoglobin
MRSA—Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus
MTX—Methotrexate
MMA—Methylmalonic acid
MAP—Mitogenactivating protein
MR—Mitral regurgitation
MS—Mitral stenosis
MRM—Modified radical mastectomy
MAO—Monamine oxidase
MGUS—Monoclonal gammopathy of unknown significance
MALToma—Mucosa-associated lymphoid tissue lymphoma
MUGA—Multigated angiogram
MEN—Multiple endocrine neoplasia
MuSK—Muscle specific kinase
MG—Myasthenia gravis
MI—Myocardial infarction
NAC—N-acetylcysteine
NG—Nasogastric
NDI—Nephrogenic diabetes insipidus
NCV—Nerve conduction velocity
NMS—Neuroleptic malignant syndrome
NADP—Nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate
NO—Nitric oxide
NMDA—N-methyl-D-aspartate
NHL—Non-Hodgkin lymphoma
NSAIDs—Nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs
NSTEMI—Non-ST segment elevation MI
NE—Norepinephrine
NS—Normal saline
NAAT—Nucleic acid amplification test
OA—Osteoarthritis
GSSG—Oxidized glutathione
Pap—Papanicolaou
PTH—Parathyroid hormone
PD—Parkinson disease
PNH—Paroxysmal nocturnal hemoglobinuria
PCO2—Partial pressure of carbon dioxide
PO2—Partial pressure of oxygen
PCI—Percutaneous coronary intervention
PAD—Peripheral arterial disease
PIGA—Phosphatidylinositol glycan anchor biosynthesis class A
6PG—6-Phosphogluconate
P-32—Phosphorus
PE—Physical examination
PCP—Pneumocystis jiroveci pneumonia
PAN—Polyarteritis nodosa
PCR—Polymerase chain reaction
PMNLs—Polymorphonuclear Leukocytes
PMR—Polymyalgia rheumatica
PM—Polymyositis
PM-DM—Polymyositis-dermatomyositis
PET—Positron emission tomography
PGY1—Postgraduate year 1
PGY3—Postgraduate year 3
PHN—Postherpetic neuralgia
KOH—Potassium hydroxide
PVCs—Premature ventricular contractions
PR—Progesterone receptor
PSA—Prostate specific antigen
PT—Prothrombin time
PPIs—Proton pump inhibitors
PIP—Proximal interphalangeal
PA—Pulmonary artery
PE—Pulmonary embolus
PFTs—Pulmonary function tests
PPD—Purified protein derivative
RPR—Rapid plasma reagin
RANKL—Receptor activator of nuclear factor kappa B ligand
RBC—Red blood cell
RDW—Red blood cell distribution width
RBCs—Red blood cells
GSH—Reduced glutathione
rBAT—Renal basic amino acid transport glycoprotein
RTA—Renal tubular acidosis
RV—Residual volume
RA—Rheumatoid arthritis
RF—Rheumatoid factor
RhoGAM—RhO(D) immune globulin
RV—Right ventricle
RL—Ringer lactate
SI—Sacroiliac
SERCA—Sarcoplasmic-endoplasmic reticulum calcium adenosine triphosphatase
SERMs—Selective estrogen receptor modulators
SSRI—Selective serotonin receptor inhibitor
SPEP—Serum protein electrophoresis
STD—Sexually transmitted disease
SS—Sickle cell
SA—Sinoatrial
NaK ATPase—Sodium- and potassium-activated adenosine triphosphatase
SAH—Subarachnoid hemorrhage
SVT—Supraventricular tachycardia
SIADH—Syndrome of inappropriate secretion of antidiuretic hormone
SLE—Systemic lupus erythematosus
SBP—Systolic blood pressure
TCR—T-cell receptor
Th1—T helper 1
NCCT—Thiazide-sensitive Na-Cl co-transporter
TAL—Thick ascending limb
TTP—Thrombotic thrombocytopenic purpura
TBG—Thyroid-binding globulin
TFTs—Thyroid function tests
TSH—Thyroid-stimulating hormone
TSH—Thyrotropin
TSH-R—Thyrotropin G-protein-coupled receptor
TRH—Thyrotropin-releasing hormone
T4—Thyroxine
TPA—Tissue plasminogen activator
TIBC—Total iron-binding capacity
TLC—Total lung capacity
TEE—Transesophageal echocardiography
TIA—Transient ischemic attack
TRPM6—Transient receptor potential cation channel, subfamily M, member 6
TIPS—Transjugular intrahepatic portosystemic shunt
TTE—Transthoracic echocardiogram
TCAs—Tricyclic antidepressants
T3—Triiodothyronine
TMP-SMZ—Trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole
TB—Tuberculosis
TNF—Tumor necrosis factor
TNF-alpha—Tumor necrosis factor alpha
UC—Ulcerative colitis
US—Ultrasound
UA—Urinalysis
UTI—Urinary tract infection
UAG—Urine anion gap
VZIG—Varicella-zoster immune globulin
VZV—Varicella-zoster virus
VEGF—Vascular endothelial growth factor
VIP—Vasoactive intestinal peptide
VDRL—Venereal Disease Research Laboratory
VBGs—Venous blood gasses
VQ—Ventilation-perfusion
V:Q—Ventilation-to-perfusion ratio
VT—Ventricular tachycardia
vWD—Von Willebrand disease
vWF—Von Willebrand factor
WBCs—White blood cells
WPW—Wolff-Parkinson-White
ZES—Zollinger-Ellison syndrome