ABVD

adriamycin, bleomycin, vinblastine, and dacarbazine

AED

antiepileptic drug

AFP

α-fetoprotein

AJCC

American Joint Committee on Cancer

ALK

anaplastic lymphoma kinase

ALT

alanine aminotransferase

ARMS

alveolar rhabdomyosarcoma

AST

aspartate aminotransferase

BCCA

British Columbia Cancer Agency

BEP

bleomycin, etoposide, and cisplatin

BHD

Birt–Hogg–Dubé [syndrome]

BSO

bilateral salpingo-oophorectomy

CA

cancer antigen

cAMPK

cellular-activated mitogen protein kinase

CCC

clear cell carcinoma

cCR

complete clinical response

CDX2

caudal type homeobox 2

CEA

carcinoembryonic antigen

ChRCC

chromophobe renal cell carcinoma

CK

cytokeratin

CRM

circumferential resection margin

CSF

cerebrospinal fluid

CT

computed tomography

CTV

clinical target volume

DCIS

ductal carcinoma in situ

DFS

disease-free survival

DRE

digital rectal examination

DTIC

dacarbazine

EC

endometrioid carcinoma

ECF

epirubicin, cisplatin, and 5-fluorouracil

ECOG

Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group

ECX

epirubicin, cisplatin, and capecitabine

EGFR

epidermal growth factor receptor

EMA

epithelial membrane antigen

ENETS

European Neuroendocrine Tumor Society

EOC

epithelial ovarian cancer

EQD2

2Gy equivalent doses

ER

oestrogen

EUA

evaluation/examination under general anaesthesia

EUS

endoscopic ultrasound

FBC

full blood count

FDA

(US) Food and Drug Administration

¹⁸FDG PET-CT

fluorine-18 fluorodeoxyglucose positron emission tomography–computed tomography

FEC

5-fluorouracil, epirubicin, and cyclophosphamide

FIGO

International Federation of Gynecology and Obstetrics

FISH

fluorescence in situ hybridization

5-FU

5-fluorouracil

GCDFP-15

gross cystic disease fluid protein-15

GI

gastrointestinal

GIST

gastrointestinal stromal tumour

GTV

gross tumour volume

HAART

highly active antiretroviral therapy

β-hCG

beta human chorionic gonadotropin

HGS

high-grade serous

5-HIAA

5-hydroxyindoleacetic acid

HPF

high-power field

HPV

human papillomavirus

HR

hazard ratio

IARC

International Agency for Research on Cancer

ICRU

International Commission on Radiation Units and Measurements

IGBT

image-guided brachytherapy

IGCCCG

International Germ Cell Cancer Collaborative Group

IT

intrathecal

LCNEC

large cell neuroendocrine carcinoma

LDH

lactate dehydrogenase

LGS

low-grade serous (carcinoma)

LHRH

luteinizing hormone releasing hormone

MAP

cisplatin with doxorubicin and high-dose methotrexate

MCC

Merkel cell carcinoma

MDT

multidisciplinary team

MEN

multiple endocrine neoplasia

MRF

mesorectal fascia

MRI

magnetic resonance imaging

MSKCC

Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center

mTOR

mammalian target of rapamycin complex

NCI

National Cancer Institute

NICE

National Institute for Health and Care Excellence

NIH

National Institutes of Health

NSCLC

non-small cell lung cancer

NSGCT

non-seminomatous germ cell tumour

OAR

organ at risk

ORR

overall response rate

OS

overall survival

PARP

poly-ADP ribose polymerase

PASH

pseudo-angiomatoid stromal hyperplasia

PCI

prophylactic cranial irradiation

PCR

polymerase chain reaction

PET

positron emission tomography

PFS

progression-free survival

PgR

progesterone

PLAP

placenta-like alkaline phosphatase

PSA

prostate-specific antigen

PTV

planning target volume

RCC

renal cell carcinoma

RMI

risk of malignancy index

SCLC

small cell lung cancer

SREs

skeletal-related events

SSIGN score

stage, size, grade, and necrosis score

TAH

total abdominal hysterectomy

TCX

trastuzumab, cisplatin, and capecitabine

TKI

tyrosine kinase inhibitor

TNM

tumour, node, metastasis

TTF-1

thyroid transcription factor 1

U&Es

urea and electrolytes

UISS

UCLA integrated staging system

UKI NETS

UK and Ireland Neuroendocrine Tumour Society

US

ultrasound

VEGF

vascular endothelial growth factor

WART

whole abdominal radiotherapy

WHO

World Health Organization