Case 1
1-1. A
1-2. B
1-3. B
This is a well-circumscribed hypoechoic area with decreased flow. This can occur as a sequela of infarction or tumor. The sonographer should scan an area of concern and endeavor an abnormality. This is a case of dilated rete testes, a normal variant in older men.
Case 2
2-1. D
2-2. A
2-3. A
This testicle contains a well-circumscribed hypoechoic, hypovascular area in the upper pole that is hypovascular. Though hypovascular, this could have a similar appearance to a testicular tumor such as a seminoma; this represented testicular infarction to lifting weights.
Case 3
3-1. C
3-2. D
3-3. D
This is an enlarged and distorted lymph node. This can be associated with metastatic spread of follicular papillary cancer or can be “reactive” due to inflammation.
Case 4
4-1. B
4-2. A
4-3. B
This is a large papillary thyroid cancer containing numerous vessels. A fine needle aspiration could be performed safely.
Case 5
5-1. B
5-2. D
5-3. B
There is an ill-defined group of hypervascular nodules in the upper pole. Fine needle aspiration would be indicated for further evaluation.
Case 6
6-1. C
6-2. D
6-3. A
This sonogram shows a parathyroid mass inferior to the left lobe.
Case 7
7-1. B
7-2. C
7-3. A
This is a typical thyroglossal duct cyst. They are usually found in the midline and can contain some low-level echoes.
Case 8
8-1. A
8-2. D
8-3. C
This is a solid nodule that was found to represent a metastatic lesion to the thyroid.
References
1. Reading CC, Charboneau JW Hay ID, Sebo TJ. Sonography of thyroid nodules—A “classic pattern” diagnostic approach. Ultrasound Q. 205; 21(3).
2. Rumack CM, Wilson SR, Charboneau JW Levine D. Diagnostic Ultrasound. 4th ed. Mosby; 2011.
3. Hagen-Ansert SL. Textbook of Diagnostic Ultrasonography. 6th ed. St. Louis: CV Mosby; 2006.
4. Gill K. Abdominal Ultrasound A Practitioner’s Guide. Philadelphia: WB Saunders; 2001.
5. Kawamura DM. Diagnostic Medical Sonography: A Guide to Clinical Practice: Abdomen and Superficial Structures. 2nd ed. Philadelphia: Lippincott; 1997.
*Kerry E. Weinberg was the author of the previous-edition version of this chapter.