The following list contains all of the plants and fungi that are discussed in this encyclopedia in both the major and the minor monographs. The psychoactive properties of some of the species are uncertain or only purported and may even have been incorrectly described; these species are nevertheless included here for the sake of comprehensiveness (and further research can often bring astonishing discoveries).
This taxonomy follows that found in Dörfelt 1989,* Frohne and Jensen 1992,* Roth et al. 1990,** and Zander 1994.* It is based on the taxonomic order established by the late botanist Richard Evans Schultes of Harvard.
Mushrooms—Fungi
Class Deuteromycetes—conidial fungi
mold fungi
Aspergillus fumigatus
Class Ascomycetes—ascomycota
Order Clavicipitales
Balansiae
Balansia cyperi
Hypocreaceae (= Clavicipitaceae)
Claviceps paspali
Claviceps purpurea
Claviceps spp.
Cordyceps spp.
Class Basidiomycetes
Order Lycoperdales
Lycoperdaceae
Lycoperdon marginatum
Lycoperdon mixtecorum
Scleroderma verrucosum
Vascellum pratense
Order Phallales
Phallaceae
Dictyophora spp.
Order Russulales
Russulaceae
Russula spp.
Order Agaricales
Amanitaceae
Amanita muscaria
Amanita pantherina
Amanita spp.
Bolbitiaceae
Agrocybe farinacea
Conocybe cyanopus
Conocybe siligineoides
Conocybe spp.
Pholiotina spp.
Boletaceae
Boletus flammeus
Boletus kumaeus
Boletus manicus
Boletus nigroviolaceus
Boletus reayi
Heimiella anguiformis
Heimiella retispora
Coprinaceae
Copelandia spp.
Naematoloma popperianum
Panaeolina spp.
Panaeolus (Copelandia) cyanescens
Panaeolus subbalteatus
Panaeolus spp.
Psathyrella candolleana
Cortinariaceae
Galerina steglichii
Gymnopilus spectabilis (= Pholiota spectabilis)
Gymnopilus spp.
Inocybe aeruginascens
Inocybe spp.
Hygrophoraceae
Hygrocybe psittacina
Pluteaceae
Pluteus spp.
Strophariaceae
Psilocybe azurescens
Psilocybe (Stropharia) cubensis
Psilocybe cyanescens
Psilocybe mexicana
Psilocybe semilanceata
Psilocybe spp.
Stropharia coronilla
Stropharia spp.
Tricholomataceae
Gerronema spp.
Mycena spp.
Order Polyporales/Poriales
Polyporaceae/Ganodermataceae
Ganoderma sp.
Laetiporus sulphureus
Polyporus spp.
Order Cantharellales
Hydnaceae
Hydnum repandum
Lichens
Basidiolichenes
Dictyonemataceae
Dictyonema sp.
[not yet assigned to a family]
Lichen non ident.
Pteridophyta
Class Lycopsida
Lycopodiaceae
Huperzia selago
Lycopodium clavatum
Lycopodium spp.
Class Filicopsida—Ferns
Polypodiaceae
Polypodium spp.
Class Equisetatae
Equisetaceae
Equisetum arvense
Gymnospermae
Class Cycadopsida
Cycadaceae
Dioon edule
Class Coniferopsida
Cupressaceae
Juniperus recurva
Juniperus spp.
Class Taxopsida
Taxaceae
Taxus baccata
Taxus spp.
Class Chlamydospermae (= Gnetopsida)
Ephedraceae
Ephedra alata
Ephedra altissima
Ephedra americana
Ephedra andina
Ephedra breana
Ephedra campylopoda
Ephedra distachya
Ephedra equisetina
Ephedra gerardiana
Ephedra helvetica
Ephedra intermedia
Ephedra major
Ephedra nevadensis
Ephedra sinica
Ephedra torreyana
Ephedra trifurca
Ephedra spp.
Angiospermae—Flowering Plants
Class Dicotyledoneae
Subclass Archichlamydeae
Fagaceae
Castanopsis acuminatissima
Moraceae
Brosimum acutifolium ssp. obovatum
Cecropia mexicana
Cecropia spp.
Helicostylis tomentosa
Maquira sclerophylla
Cannabaceae
Cannabis indica
Cannabis ruderalis
Cannabis sativa
Humulus lupulus
Olacaceae
Liriosma ovata
Ptychopetalum olacoides
Santalaceae
Comandra pallida
Santalum murrayanum
Metteniusaceae
Metteniusa edulis
Loranthaceae
Benthamia alyxifolia
Phrygilanthus eugenioides
Phytolaccaceae
Phytolacca acinosa
Nyctaginaceae (= Nictaginaceae)
Mirabilis multiflora
Aizoaceae
Mesembryanthemum spp.
Sceletium expansum
Sceletium tortuosum
Sceletium spp.
Amaranthaceae
Amaranthus caudatus
Amaranthus spinosus
Amaranthus spp.
Iresine spp.
Cactaceae
Ariocarpus fissuratus
Ariocarpus retusus
Ariocarpus spp.
Armatocereus laetus
Carnegia gigantea
Coryphantha compacta
Coryphantha macromeris
Coryphantha macromeris var. runyonii
Coryphantha palmeri
Coryphantha spp.
Echinocereus triglochidiatus
Echinopsis spp.
Epithelantha micromeris
Lophophora diffusa
Lophophora echinata
Lophophora williamsii
Mammillaria craigii
Mammillaria grahamii var. oliviae
Mammillaria spp.
Neoraimondia arequipensis
Pachycereus pecten-aboriginum
Pelecyphora aselliformis
Trichocereus atacamensis
Trichocereus bridgesii
Trichocereus cuscoensis
Trichocereus fulvinanus
Trichocereus macrogonus
Trichocereus pachanoi
Trichocereus pasacana
Trichocereus peruvianus
Trichocereus taquimbalensis
Trichocereus terscheckii
Trichocereus validus
Trichocereus werdermannianus
Trichocereus spp.
Magnoliaceae
Drimys winteri
Magnolia dealbata
Magnolia virginiana
Himantandraceae
Galbulimima belgraveana
Annonaceae
Cymbopetalum penduliflorum
Myristicaceae
Iryanthera juruensis
Iryanthera longiflora
Iryanthera macrophylla
Iryanthera ulei
Myristica fragrans
Myristica spp.
Osteophloeum platyspermum
Virola calophylla
Virola calophylloidea
Virola cuspidata
Virola duckei
Virola elongata
Virola loretensis
Virola pavonis
Virola peruviana
Virola rufula
Virola surinamensis
Virola theiodora
Virola venosa
Virola spp.
Monimiaceae
Atherosperma moschatum
Gomortegaceae
Gomortega keule
Lauraceae
Cinnamomum camphora
Laurus nobilis
Persea indica
Peumus boldus Sassafras albidum
Umbellularia californica
Ranunculaceae
Aconitum ferox
Aconitum napellus
Aconitum spp.
Clematis virginiana
Delphinium consolida
Ranunculus acris var. japonicum
Ranunculus sp.
Podophyllaceae
Podophyllum peltatum
Menispermaceae
Anarmita cocculus Cocullus spp.
Nymphaeaceae
Nuphar lutea
Nymphaea ampla
Nymphaea caerulea
Piperaceae
Macropiper excelsum
Peperomia spp.
Piper amalago
Piper angustifolium
Piper auritum
Piper betle
Piper cubeba
Piper elongatum
Piper interitum
Piper longum
Piper methysticum
Piper plantagineum
Piper spp.
Actinidiaceae
Actinidia polygama
Theaceae
Camellia sinensis
Papaveraceae
Argemone mexicana
Argemone spp.
Eschscholzia californica
Glaucium flavum
Papaver bracteatum
Papaver orientale
Papaver somniferum
Papaver rhoeas
Papaver spp.
Cruciferae (previously: Brassicaceae)
Cardamine sp.
Saxifragaceae
Hydrangea paniculata
Rosaceae
Spiraea caespitosa
Leguminosae (previously: Fabaceae)
Acacia angustifolia
Acacia campylacantha
Acacia catechu
Acacia confusa
Acacia cornigera
Acacia maidenii
Acacia phlebophylla
Acacia retinodes
Acacia simplicifolia
Acacia spp.
Anadenanthera colubrina
Anadenanthera colubrina var. cebil
Anadenanthera peregrina
Anadenanthera peregrina var. falcata
Astragalus amphioxys
Astragalus besseyi
Astragalus cagopus
Astragalus mollissimus
Astragalus spp.
Caesalpinia decapetala [syn. C. sepiaria]
Calliandra anomala
Calliandra spp.
Canavalia maritima
Crotalaria sagittalis
Cytisus canariensis
Cytisus scoparius
Cytisus spp.
Dimorphandra parviflora
Erythrina americana
Erythrina berteroana
Erythrina corallodendron
Erythrina falcata
Erythrina flabelliformis
Erythrina fusca
Erythrina glauca
Erythrina indica
Erythrina mulungu
Erythrina poeppigiana
Erythrina standleyana
Erythrina vespertilio
Erythrina spp.
Lonchocarpus violaceus
Lotus wrightii
Lupinus albus
Lupinus angustifolius
Lupinus luteus
Mimosa pudica
Mimosa scabrella
Mimosa tenuiflora [syn. M. hostilis]
Mimosa verrucosa
Mimosa spp.
Mucuna pruriens
Mucuna spp.
Oxytropis lamberti
Oxytropis spp.
Pithecellobium diversifolium
Pithecellobium laetum
Pithecellobium spp.
Rhynchosia longeracemosa
Rhynchosia phaseoloides
Rhynchosia pyramidalis
Rhynchosia spp.
Sophora secundiflora
Sophora spp.
Spartium junceum
Swainsonia galegifolia
Wisteria sinensis
Zornia latifolia
Zygophyllaceae
Peganum harmala
Tribulus terrestris
Erythroxylaceae
Erythroxylum coca
Erythroxylum novogranatense
Erythroxylum spp.
Euphorbiaceae
Alchornea castaneifolia
Alchornea floribunda
Elaeophorbia drupifera
Jatropha grossidentata
Manihot anomala ssp. anomala
Monadenium lugardae
Pedilanthus retusus
Pedilanthus tithymaloides
Pedilanthus spp.
Sebastiania pavonia
Rutaceae
Dictyoloma incanescens
Evodia bonwickii
Thamnosma montana
Simaroubaceae
Ailanthus altissima
Burseraceae
Boswellia sacra
Boswellia spp.
Bursera bipinnata
Malpighiaceae
Banisteriopsis argentea
Banisteriopsis caapi [syn. B. quitensis]
Banisteriopsis inebrians (= B. caapi)
Banisteriopsis maritiniana var. laevis
Banisteriopsis muricata
Banisteriopsis spp.
Diplopterys cabrerana [syn. Banisteriopsis rusbyana]
Mascagnia psilophylla var. antifebrilis
Tetrapteris methystica
Tetrapteris mucronata
Tetrapteris spp.
Coriariaceae
Coriaria ruscifolia
Coriaria thymifolia
Coriaria spp.
Anacardiaceae
Sclerocarya caffra
Sclerocarya schweinfurthiana
Sapindaceae
Matayba guianensis
Nephelium topengii
Paullinia cupana
Paullinia yoco
Paullinia spp.
Ungnadia speciosa
Polygalaceae
Polygala tenuifolia
Aquifoliaceae
Ilex cassine
Ilex guayusa
Ilex paraguariensis
Ilex vomitoria
Ilex spp.
Celastraceae
Catha edulis
Vitaceae
Vitis vinifera
Vitis sp.
Elaeocarpaceae
Sloanea laurifolia
Malvaceae
Malva rotundifolia
Sida acuta
Sida rhombifolia
Bombacaceae
Bernoullia flammea
Pseudobombax ellipticum
Quararibea funebris
Quararibea spp.
Sterculiaceae
Brachychiton diversifolius
Cola acuminata
Cola nitida
Cola spp.
Theobroma bicolor
Theobroma cacao
Theobroma grandiflorum
Theobroma subincanum
Theobroma spp.
Violaceae
Gloeospermum sphaerocarpum
Turneraceae
Turnera diffusa
Turnera pumilla
Turnera ulmifolia
Passifloraceae
Passiflora involucrata
Passiflora spp.
Cucurbitaceae
Echinocystis lobata
Monodora myristica
Lythraceae
Heimia salicifolia
Heimia spp.
Myrtaceae
Backhousia myrtifolia
Psidium guajava
Combretaceae
Combretum mucronatum
Terminalia bellirica
Araliaceae
Hedera helix
Panax ginseng
Panax spp.
Umbelliferae (previously: Apiaceae)
Anethum graveolens
Conium maculatum
Daucus carota
Ferula asafoetida
Ferula sumbul
Foeniculum vulgare
Petroselinum crispum
Peucedanum japonicum
Siler divaricatum
Subclass Sympetalae
Ericaceae
Arctostaphylos uva-ursi
Arctostaphylos spp.
Gaultheria anastomosans
Gaultheria phillyreifolia
Gaultheria spp.
Ledum palustre
Ledum spp.
Pernettya furens
Pernettya mucronata
Pernettya parvifolia
Pernettya prostrata
Pernettya spp.
Rhododendron caucasicum
Rhododendron lepidotum
Rhododendron ponticum
Rhododendron spp.
Vaccinium floribundum
Vaccinium uliginosum
Plumbaginaceae
Limmonium macrorhabdos
Sapotaceae
Lucuma salicifolia Oleaceae
Jasminum spp.
Loganiaceae
Gelsemium sempervirens
Mostuea gabonica
Mostuea stimulans
Mostuea spp.
Sanango racemosum
Strychnos ignatii
Strychnos nux-vomica
Strychnos spp.
Desfontainiaceae
Desfontainia spinosa
Apocynaceae
Alstonia scholaris
Alstonia venenata
Alstonia spp.
Aspidosperma quebracho-blanco
Aspidosperma spp.
Carissa edulis
Catharanthus roseus
Catharanthus roseus f. albus
Malouetia tamaquarina
Rauvolfia serpentina
Rauvolfia tetraphylla
Rauvolfia vomitoria
Rauvolfia spp.
Tabernaemontana coffeoides
Tabernaemontana crassa
Tabernaemontana dichotoma
Tabernaemontana heterophylla
Tabernaemontana muricata
Tabernaemontana sananho
Tabernaemontana spp.
Tabernanthe iboga
Tabernanthe spp.
Thevetia sp.
Vinca minor
Voacanga Africana
Voacanga bracteata
Voacanga dregei
Voacanga grandiflora
Voacanga spp.
Rubiaceae
Coffea arabica
Coffea spp.
Corynanthe spp.
Mitragyna speciosa
Mitragyna spp.
Pausinystalia yohimba
Pausinystalia spp.
Psychotria brachypoda
Psychotria carthaginensis
Psychotria colorata
Psychotria poeppigiana
Psychotria psychotriaefolia
Psychotria viridis
Psychotria spp.
Convolvulaceae
Argyreia acuta
Argyreia barnesii
Argyreia cuneata
Argyreia hainanensis
Argyreia luzonensis
Argyreia mollis
Argyreia nervosa
Argyreia obtusifolia
Argyreia philippinensis
Argyreia speciosa
Argyreia splendens
Argyreia wallichi
Argyreia spp.
Calonyction muricatum
Convolvulus arvensis
Convolvulus tricolor
Ipomoea batatas
Ipomoea calobra
Ipomoea carnea
Ipomoea crassicaulis
Ipomoea hederacea
Ipomoea involucrata
Ipomoea muricata
Ipomoea murucoides
Ipomoea nil
Ipomoea pes-caprae
Ipomoea purpurea
Ipomoea rubrocaerulea
Ipomoea tricolor
Ipomoea violacea
Ipomoea spp.
Merremia tuberosa
Stictocardia titiaefolia
Turbina corymbosa
Boraginaceae
Borago officinalis
Cordia boissieri
Trichodesma zeylanicum
Labiatae (previously: Lamiaceae)
Coleus blumei
Coleus pumila
Lagochilus inebrians
Leonotis leonurus
Leonurus sibiricus
Mentha pulegium
Nepeta cataria
Ocimum micranthum
Salvia divinorum
Salvia sp.
Scutellaria arvense
Scutellaria lateriflora
Solanaceae
Atropa belladonna
Atropa spp.
Brugmansia arborea
Brugmansia aurea
Brugmansia x candida
Brugmansia x insignis
Brugmansia sanguinea
Brugmansia suaveolens
Brugmansia versicolor
Brugmansia vulcanicola
Brugmansia spp.
Brunfelsia australis
Brunfelsia chiricaspi
Brunfelsia grandiflora
Brunfelsia grandiflora ssp. grandiflora
Brunfelsia grandiflora ssp. schultesii
Brunfelsia maritima
Brunfelsia mire
Brunfelsia uniflora [syn. B. hopeana]
Brunfelsia spp.
Capsicum spp.
Cestrum laevigatum
Cestrum nocturnum
Cestrum parqui
Cestrum spp.
Datura ceratocaula
Datura discolor
Datura ferox
Datura innoxia [syn. D. meteloides]
Datura kymatocarpa
Datura leichhardtii
Datura metel
Datura pruinosa
Datura quercifolia
Datura reburra
Datura stramonium
Datura velutinosa
Datura villosa
Datura wrightii
Duboisia hopwoodii
Duboisia leichhardtii
Duboisia myoporoides
Fabiana imbricata
Fabiana spp.
Hyoscyamus albus
Hyoscyamus aureus
Hyoscyamus bohemicus
Hyoscyamus boveanus
Hyoscyamus desertorum
Hyoscyamus x györffyi
Hyoscyamus muticus
Hyoscyamus niger
Hyoscyamus niger var. chinensis
Hyoscyamus pallidus
Hyoscyamus physaloides
Hyoscyamus pusillus
Hyoscyamus reticulatus
Hyoscyamus spp.
Iochroma fuchsioides
Iochroma spp.
Juanulloa ochracea
Latua pubiflora
Mandragora autumnalis
Mandragora officinarum
Mandragora turcomanica
Mandragora spp.
Methysticodendron amesianum
Nicotiana acuminata
Nicotiana attenuata
Nicotiana benthamiana
Nicotiana bigelovii
Nicotiana clevelandii
Nicotiana glauca
Nicotiana gossei
Nicotiana ingulba
Nicotiana megalosiphon
Nicotiana palmeri
Nicotiana plumbaginifolia
Nicotiana quadrivalvis
Nicotiana rustica
Nicotiana stimulans
Nicotiana sylvestris
Nicotiana tabacum
Nicotiana trigonophylla
Nicotiana undulata
Nicotiana velutina
Nicotiana spp.
Petunia violacea
Petunia sp.
Physalis spp.
Scopolia carniolica
Scopolia spp.
Solandra brevicalyx
Solandra guerrerensis
Solandra guttata
Solandra nitida
Solandra spp.
Solanum dulcamara
Solanum hirtum
Solanum nigrum
Solanum villosum
Solanum spp.
Withania somnifera
Scrophulariaceae
Digitalis purpurea
Lancea tibetica
Scoparia dulcis
Bignoniaceae
Tanaecium nocturnum
Acanthaceae
Justicia pectoralis var. stenophylla
Pseuderanthemum sp.
Teliostachys lanceolata var. crispa
Lentibulariaceae
Utricularia minor
Valerianaceae
Valeriana officinalis
Valeriana spp.
Campanulaceae
Isotoma longiflora
Lobelia inflata
Lobelia tupa
Lobelia spp.
Goodeniaceae
Goodenia lunata
Goodenia spp.
Compositae (previously: Asteraceae)
Artemisia absinthium
Artemisia mexicana
Artemisia spp.
Cacalia cordifolia
Calea zacatechichi
Cineraria aspera
Helichrysum foetidum
Helichrysum stenopterum
Hieracium pilosella
Lactuca sativa
Lactuca virosa
Lactuca spp.
Matricaria recutita
Mikania cordata
Senecio hartwegii
Senecio spp.
Stephanomeria pauciflora
Tagetes erecta
Tagetes lucida
Tagetes minuta
Tagetes patula
Tagetes pusilla
Tagetes spp.
Trichocline dealbata
Trichocline exscapa
Trichocline reptans
Trichocline spp.
Urmenetea atacamensis
Class Monocotyledoneae
Liliaceae
Veratrum album
Veratrum viride
Agavaceae
Agave americana
Agave atrovirens
Agave cerulata spp. dentiens
Agave latissima
Agave mapisaga
Agave palmeri
Agave parryi
Agave tequilana
Agave spp.
Cordyline fruticosa
Amaryllidaceae
Boophane disticha
Pancratium trianthum
Ungernia minor
Dioscoreaceae
Dioscorea composita
Pontederiaceae
Pontederia cordata
Iridaceae
Crocus sativus
Ferraria glutinosa
Gramineae (previously: Poaceae)
Arundo donax
Cymbopogon densiflorus
Lolium temulentum
Phalaris aquatica
Phalaris arundinacea
Phalaris spp.
Phragmites australis
Stipa robusta
Stipa vaseyi
Stipa viridula
Stipa spp.
Zea mays
Palmae (previously: Arecaceae)
Archontophoenix cunninghamiana
Areca catechu
Areca spp.
Cocos nucifera
Phoenix dactylifera
Araceae
Acorus calamus
Acorus gramineus
Arisaema dracontium
Homalomena belgraveana
Homalomena sp.
Philodendron scandens
Pandanaceae
Pandanus spp.
Cyperaceae
Cyperus spp.
Scirpus spp.
Musaceae
Musa x sapientum
Zingiberaceae
Kaempferia galanga
Zingiber officinale
Cannaceae
Canna sp.
Orchidaceae
Cypripedium calceolus
Oncidium cebolleta
Vanda roxburghii
Vanilla planifolia