Accessory Navicular
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Zadek I, Gold A. The accessory tarsal scaphoid. J Bone Joint Surg Am. 1948;30A:957.
Bone Procedures
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Armstrong G, Carruthers C. Evans elongation of lateral column of the foot for valgus deformity. J Bone Joint Surg Am. 1975;57:530.
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Austin DW, Leventen EO. A new osteotomy for hallux valgus: a horizontally directed “V” displacement osteotomy of the metatarsal head for hallux valgus and primus varus. Clin Orthop Relat Res. 1981;157:25–30.
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Ball J, Sullivan JA. Treatment of the juvenile bunion by Mitchell osteotomy. Orthopedics. 1985;8:1249–1252.
Beischer AD, Brodsky JW, Pollo FE, et al. Functional outcome and gait analysis after triple or double arthrodesis. Foot Ankle Int. 1999;20:545–553.
Bennett GL, Weiner DS, Leighley B. Surgical treatment of symptomatic accessory tarsal navicular. J Pediatr Orthop. 1990;10:445–449.
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Berman A, Gartland JJ. Metatarsal osteotomy for the correction of adduction of the fore part of the foot in children. J Bone Joint Surg Am. 1971;53:498–506.
Boyd HB. Amputation of the foot with calcaneotibial arthrodesis. J Bone Joint Surg. 1939;21:997.
Bradley GW, Coleman SS. Treatment of the calcaneocavus foot deformity. J Bone Joint Surg Am. 1981;63:1159.
Butte F. Navicular-cuneiform arthrodesis for flatfoot: an end-result study. J Bone Joint Surg Am. 1937;19:496.
Cain TJ, Hyman S. Peroneal spastic flat foot: its treatment by osteotomy of the os calcis. J Bone Joint Surg Br. 1978;60-B:527–529.
Caldwell GD. Surgical correction of relaxed flatfoot by the Durham flatfoot plasty. Clin Orthop Relat Res. 1953;2:221.
Canale PB, Aronsson DD, Lamont RL, et al. The Mitchell procedure for the treatment of adolescent hallux valgus: a long-term study. J Bone Joint Surg Am. 1993;75:1610–1618.
Clark MW, Ambrosia RDD, Ferguson AB. Congenital vertical talus: treatment by open reduction and navicular excision. J Bone Joint Surg Am. 1977;59:816–824.
Chambers EFS. An operation for the correction of flexible flat feet of adolescents. West J Surg Obstet Gynecol. 1946;54:77–86.
Chambers RB, Cook TM, Cowell HR. Surgical reconstruction for calcaneonavicular coalition: evaluation of function and gait. J Bone Joint Surg Am. 1982;64:829–836.
Choi IH, Yang MS, Chung CY, et al. The treatment of recurrent arthrogrypotic club foot in children by the Ilizarov method. A preliminary report. J Bone Joint Surg Br. 2001;83:731–737.
Comfort TK, Johnson LO. Resection of symptomatic talocalcaneal coalition. J Pediatr Orthop. 1998;18:283–288.
Cowell H. Extensor brevis arthroplasty. J Bone Joint Surg Am. 1970;82:820.
Crego CH Jr, Ford LT. An end-result of various operative procedures for correcting flat feet in children. J Bone Joint Surg Am. 1952;34-A:183–195.
Davids JR, Valadie AL, Ferguson RL, et al. Surgical management of ankle valgus in children: use of a transphyseal medial malleolar screw. J Pediatr Orthop. 1997;17:3–8.
Dedrick D, Kling D. Ray resection in the treatment of macrodactyly of the foot in children. Orthop Trans. 1985;9:145.
Dekel S, Weissman S. Osteotomy of the calcaneus and concomitant plantar stripping in children with talipes cavo-varus. J Bone Joint Surg Br. 1973;55:802–808.
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Dollard MD, Marcinko DE, Lazerson A, et al. The Evans calcaneal osteotomy for correction of flexible flatfoot syndrome. J Foot Surg. 1984;23:291–301.
Drew AJ. The late results of arthrodesis of the foot. J Bone Joint Surg Br. 1951;33-B:496–502.
Duncan JW, Lovell WW. Modified Hoke-Miller flatfoot procedure. Clin Orthop Relat Res. 1983;181:24–27.
Dwyer F. Osteotomy of the calcaneum for pes cavus. J Bone Joint Surg Br. 1959;41:80–86.
Eilert RE, Jayakumar SS. Boyd and Syme ankle amputations in children. J Bone Joint Surg. 1976;58(8):1138.
Evans D. Calcaneo-valgus deformity. J Bone Joint Surg Br. 1975;57:270–278.
Evans D. Relapsed club foot. J Bone Joint Surg Br. 1961;43:722.
Fitzgerald JAW. Review of long-term results in arthrodesis of the first metatarsophalangeal joint. J Bone Joint Surg. 1969;53-B:772.
Fowler SB, Brooks AL, Parrish TF. The cavovarus foot. J Bone Joint Surg Am. 1959;41:757.
Gamble JG, Decker S, Abrams RC. Short first ray as a complication of multiple metatarsal osteotomies. Clin Orthop Relat Res. 1982;(164):241–244.
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Glynn MK, Dunlop JB, Fitzpatrick D. The Mitchell distal metatarsal osteotomy for hallux valgus. J Bone Joint Surg Br. 1980;62-B:188–191.
Gonzalez P, Kumar SJ. Calcaneonavicular coalition treated by resection and interposition of the extensor digitorum brevis muscle. J Bone Joint Surg Am. 1990;72:71–77.
Gould N. Surgery in advanced Charcot-Marie-Tooth disease. Foot Ankle. 1984;4:267–273.
Graham GP, Dent CM. Dillwyn Evans operation for relapsed club foot. Long-term results. J Bone Joint Surg Br. 1992;74:445.
Grice DS. An extra-articular arthrodesis of the subastragalar joint for correction of paralytic flat feet in children. J Bone Joint Surg Am. 1952;34A:927–940; passim.
Grice DS. Further experience with extra-articular arthrodesis of the subtalar joint. J Bone Joint Surg Am. 1955;37-A:246–259; passim.
Grill F, Franke J. The Ilizarov distractor for the correction of relapsed or neglected clubfoot. J Bone Joint Surg Br. 1987;69:593–597.
Hall JE, Calvert PT. Lambrinudi triple arthrodesis: a review with particular reference to the technique of operation. J Pediatr Orthop. 1987;7:19–24.
Hansson G. Sliding osteotomy for tailor’s bunion: brief report. J Bone Joint Surg. 1989;71(2):324.
Haraldsson S. Pes plano-valgus staticus juvenilis and its operative treatment. Acta Orthop Scand. 1965;35:234–256.
Helal B, Gupta SK, Gojaseni P. Surgery for adolescent hallux valgus. Acta Orthop Scand. 1974;45:271–295.
Helal B. Surgery for adolescent hallux valgus. Clin Orthop Relat Res. 1981;157:50–63.
Hofmann A, Constine R, McBride G, et al. Osteotomy of the first cuneiform as treatment of residual adduction of the fore part of the foot in club foot. J Bone Joint Surg Am. 1984;66:985–990.
Hoke M. An operation for the correction of extremely relaxed flatfeet. J Bone Joint Surg Am. 1931;13:773.
Holden D, Siff S, Butler J, et al. Shortening of the first metatarsal as a complication of metatarsal osteotomies. J Bone Joint Surg Am. 1984;66:582–587.
Inglis G, Buxton RA, Macnicol MF. Symptomatic calcaneonavicular bars: the results 20 years after surgical excision. J Bone Joint Surg Br. 1986;68B:128–131.
Ireland ML, Hoffer M. Triple arthrodesis for children with spastic cerebral palsy. Dev Med Child Neurol. 1985;27:623–627.
Jack EA. Naviculo-cuneiform fusion in the treatment of flat foot. J Bone Joint Surg Br. 1953;35-B:75–82.
Jahss MH. Tarsometatarsal truncated-wedge arthrodesis for pes cavus and equinovarus deformity of the fore part of the foot. J Bone Joint Surg Am. 1980;62:713–722.
Janecki CJ, Wilde AH. Results of phalangectomy of the fifth toe for hammertoe: the Ruiz-Mora procedure. J Bone Joint Surg Am. 1976;58:1005–1007.
Japas LM. Surgical treatment of pes cavus by tarsal V-osteotomy. Preliminary report. J Bone Joint Surg Am. 1968;50:927–944.
Jones KJ, Feiwell LA, Freedman EL, et al. The effect of chevron osteotomy with lateral capsular release on the blood supply to the first metatarsal head. J Bone Joint Surg Am. 1995;77:197–204.
Kling TF, Schmidt TL, Conklin JJ. Open-wedge osteotomies of the first cuneiform for metatarsus adductus. Orthop Trans. 1991;15:106.
Koutsogiannis E. Treatment of mobile flat foot by displacement osteotomy of the calcaneus. J Bone Joint Surg Br. 1971;53:96–100.
Kucukkaya M, Kabukcuoglu Y, Kuzgun U. Management of the neuromuscular foot deformities with the Ilizarov method. Foot Ankle Int. 2002;23:135–141.
Lichtblau S. A medial and lateral release operation for club foot. A preliminary report. J Bone Joint Surg Am. 1973;55:1377–1384.
Light TR, Ogden JA. The longitudinal epiphyseal bracket: implications for surgical correction. J Pediatr Orthop. 1981;1:299–305.
Lincoln CR, Wood KE, Bugg EI Jr. Metatarsus varus corrected by open wedge osteotomy of the first cuneiform bone. Orthop Clin North Am. 1976;7:795–798.
Lord JP. Correction of extreme flat foot. JAMA. 1923;81:1502.
Lourenco AF, Dias LS, Zoellick DM, et al. Treatment of residual adduction deformity in clubfoot: the double osteotomy. J Pediatr Orthop. 2001;21:713–718.
Luba R, Rosman M. Bunions in children: treatment with a modified Mitchell osteotomy. J Pediatr Orthop. 1984;4:44–47.
Luhmann SJ, Schoenecker PL. Symptomatic talocalcaneal coalition resection: indications and results. J Pediatr Orthop. 1998;18:748–754.
Macnicol MF, Voutsinas S. Surgical treatment of the symptomatic accessory navicular. J Bone Joint Surg Br. 1984;66:218–226.
Mann DC, Hsu JD. Triple arthrodesis in the treatment of fixed cavovarus deformity in adolescent patients with Charcot-Marie-Tooth disease. Foot Ankle. 1992;13:1.
Mann RA, Pfeffinger L. Hallux valgus repair: DuVries modified McBride procedure. Clin Orthop Relat Res. 1991;272:213–218.
McCall RE, Lillich JS, Harris JR, et al. The Grice extraarticular subtalar arthrodesis: a clinical review. J Pediatr Orthop. 1985;5:442–445.
McCormack T, Olney B, Asher M. Talocalcaneal coalition resection: a 10-year follow-up. J Pediatr Orthop. 1997;17:13–15.
McDonald MG, Stevens DB. Modified Mitchell bunionectomy for management of adolescent hallux valgus. Clin Orthop Relat Res. 1996;332:163.
McHale KA, Lenhart MK. Treatment of residual clubfoot deformity—the “bean-shaped” foot—by opening wedge medial cuneiform osteotomy and closing wedge cuboid osteotomy. Clinical review and cadaver correlations. J Pediatr Orthop. 1991;11:374–381.
McKay DW. Dorsal bunions in children. J Bone Joint Surg Am. 1983;65:975–980.
Miller GR. The operative treatment of hypermobile flatfeet in the young child. Clin Orthop Relat Res. 1977;122:95–101.
Miller O. A plastic flat-foot operation. J Bone Joint Surg Am. 1927;9:84.
Mitchell CL, Fleming JL, Allen R, et al. Osteotomy-bunionectomy for hallux valgus. J Bone Joint Surg Am. 1958;40:41.
Mitchell GP. Posterior displacement osteotomy of the calcaneus. J Bone Joint Surg Br. 1977;59:233.
Mitchell GP, Gibson JMC. Exclusion of calcaneonavicular bar for painful syasmotic flatfoot. J Bone Joint Surg Br. l967;49:281–287.
Mosca VS. Skewfoot deformity in children: correction by calcaneal neck lengthening and medial cuneiform opening wedge osteotomies. J Pediatr Orthop. 1993;13:807.
Mosca VS. Calcaneal lengthening for valgus deformity of the hindfoot. Results in children who had severe, symptomatic flatfoot and skewfoot. J Bone Joint Surg Am. 1995;77:500–512.
Mosca VS. Calcaneal lengthening osteotomy for valgus deformity of the hindfoot. In: Skaggs DL, Tolo VT, eds. Master Techniques in Orthopaedic Surgery: Pediatrics. Philadelphia, PA: Lippincott Williams & Wilkins; 2008:263–276.
Mosca VS. Calcaneal lengthening osteotomy for the treatment of hindfoot valgus deformity. In: Weisel S, ed. Operative Techniques in Orthopaedic Surgery. Philadelphia, PA: Lippincott Williams & Wilkins; 2010:1608–1618.
Mosca VS, Bevan WR. Talocalcaneal tarsal coalitions and the calcaneal lengthening osteotomy: the role of deformity correction. J Bone Joint Surg Am. 2012;94:1584–1594.
Moyes ST, Crawfurd EJ, Aichroth PM. The interposition of extensor digitorum brevis in the resection of calcaneonavicular bars. J Pediatr Orthop. 1994;14:387–388.
Mubarak SJ, Brien TJO, Davids JR. Metatarsal epiphyseal bracket: treatment by central physiolysis. J Pediatr Orthop. 1993;13:5–8.
Mubarak SJ, Patel PN, Upasani VV, et al. Calcaneonavicular coalition: treatment by excision and fat graft. J Pediatr Orthop. 2009;29:418–426.
Mubarak SJ, Van Valin SE. Osteotomies of the foot for cavus deformities in children. J Pedatr Orthop. 2009;29:294–299.
Olney BW, Asher MA. Excision of symptomatic coalition of the middle facet of the talocalcaneal joint. J Bone Joint Surg Am. 1987;69:539–544.
Penny JN. The neglected clubfoot. Tech Orthop. 2005;7:19–24.
Peterson HA. Skewfoot (forefoot adduction with heel valgus). J Pediatr Orthop. 1986;6:29–30.
Peterson HA, Newman SR. Adolescent bunion deformity treated with double osteotomy and longitudinal pin fixation of the first ray. J Pediatr Orthop. 1993;13:80–84.
Phillips GE. A review of elongation of os calcis for flat feet. J Bone Joint Surg Br. 1983;65:15–18.
Prichasuk S, Sinphurmsukskul O. Kidner procedure for symptomatic accessory navicular and its relation to pes planus. Foot Ankle Int. 1995;16:500.
Rathjen KE, Mubarak SJ. Calcaneal-cuboid-cuneiform osteotomy for the correction of valgus foot deformities in children. J Pediatr Orthop. 1998;18:775–782.
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Samilson R. Calcaneocavus feet: a plan of management in children. Orthop Rev. 1981;10:125.
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Sangeorzan BJ, Mosca V, Hansen ST Jr. The effect of calcaneal lengthening on relationships among the hindfoot, midfoot, and forefoot. Foot Ankle. 1993;14:136–141.
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Scranton PE Jr, Zuckerman JD. Bunion surgery in adolescents: results of surgical treatment. J Pediatr Orthop. 1984;4:39–43.
Scranton PE Jr. Treatment of symptomatic talocalcaneal coalition. J Bone Joint Surg Am. 1987;69:533–539.
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Smith JB, Westin GW. Subtalar extra-articular arthrodesis. J Bone Joint Surg Am. 1968;50:1027–1035.
Solly S. Case of double talipes varus in which the cuboid bone was partially removed from the left foot. Med Chir Trans. 1857;40:119.
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Stevens PM, Otis S. Ankle valgus and clubfeet. J Pediatr Orthop. 1999;19:515–517.
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Viegas GV. Reconstruction of the pediatric flexible planovalgus foot by using an Evans calcaneal osteotomy and augmentative medial split tibialis anterior tendon transfer. J Foot Ankle Surg. 2003;42:199–207.
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Williams PF, Menelaus MB. Triple arthrodesis by inlay grafting: a method suitable for the undeformed or valgus foot. J Bone Joint Surg Br. 1977;59B:333–336.
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Cavus Foot
Aktas S, Sussman MD. The radiological analysis of pes cavus deformity in Charcot Marie Tooth disease. J Pediatr Orthop B. 2000;9:137–140.
Alexander IJ, Johnson KA. Assessment and management of pes cavus in Charcot-Marie-Tooth disease. Clin Orthop Relat Res. 1989;246:273–281.
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Clubfoot
Bakalis S, Sairam S, Homfray T, et al. Outcome of antenatally diagnosed talipes equinovarus in an unselected obstetric population. Ultrasound Obstet Gynecol. 2002;20:226–229.
Beatson TR, Pearson JR. A method of assessing correction in club feet. J Bone Joint Surg Br. 1966;48:40–50.
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McKay D. New concept of and approach to clubfoot treatment, Section III: Evaluation and results. J Pediatr Orthop. 1983;3:141–148.
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Congenital Vertical Talus
Aroojis AJ, King MM, Donohoe M, et al. Congenital vertical talus in arthrogryposis and other contractural syndromes. Clin Orthop Relat Res. 2005;434:26.
Dobbs MB, Purcell DB, Nunley R, et al. Early results of a new method of treatment for idiopathic congenital vertical talus. J Bone Joint Surg Am. 2006;88:1192–1200.
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Dodge LD, Ashley RK, Gilbert RJ. Treatment of the congenital vertical talus: a retrospective review of 36 feet with long-term follow-up. Foot Ankle. 1987;7:326–332.
Drennan JC, Sharrard WJ. The pathological anatomy of convex pes valgus. J Bone Joint Surg Br. 1971;53:455–461.
Duncan RD, Fixsen JA. Congenital convex pes valgus. J Bone Joint Surg Br. 1999;81:250–254.
Hamanishi C. Congenital vertical talus: classification with 69 cases and new measurement system. J Pediatr Orthop. 1984;4:318–326.
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Jacobsen ST, Crawford AH. Congenital vertical talus. J Pediatr Orthop. 1983;3:306–310.
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Lamy L, Weissman L. Congenital convex pes valgus. J Bone Joint Surg Am. 1939;21:79–91.
Lloyd-Roberts GC, Spence AJ. Congenital vertical talus. J Bone Joint Surg Br. 1958;40-B:33–41.
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Specht EE. Congenital paralytic vertical talus: an anatomical study. J Bone Joint Surg Am. 1975;57:842–847.
Stern HJ, Clark RD, Stroberg AJ, et al. Autosomal dominant transmission of isolated congenital vertical talus. Clin Genet. 1989;36:427–430.
Flatfoot
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Bleck EE, Berzins UJ. Conservative management of pes valgus with plantar flexed talus, flexible. Clin Orthop Relat Res. 1977;122:85–94.
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Dowling AM, Stelle JR, Baur LA. Does obesity influence foot structure and plantar pressure patterns in prepubescent children? Int J Obesity. 2001;25:845–852.
Driano AN, Staheli L, Staheli LT. Psychosocial development and corrective shoewear use in childhood. J Pediatr Orthop. 1998;18:346–349.
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Miller CD, Laskowski ER, Suman VJ. Effect of corrective rearfoot orthotic devices on ground reaction forces during ambulation. Mayo Clin Proc. 1996;71:757–762.
Mosca VS. Flexible flatfoot and skewfoot. In: Drennan JC, ed. The Child’s Foot and Ankle. New York, NY: Raven Press; 1992:355.
Mosca VS. Calcaneal lengthening for valgus deformity of the hindfoot. Results in children who had severe, symptomatic flatfoot and skewfoot. J Bone Joint Surg Am. 1995;77:500–512.
Mosca VS. Flexible flatfoot and skewfoot. Instr Course Lect. 1996;45:347–354.
Mosca VS. Flexible flatfoot and skewfoot. In: McCarthy J, Drennan JC, eds. The Child’s Foot and Ankle. 2nd ed. Philadelphia, PA: Lippincott Williams & Wilkins; 2009:136–159.
Mosca VS. Letter to the JPO editors re: article by Ragab AA, et al. entitled “Implications of subtalar joint anatomic variation in calcaneal lengthening osteotomy” (J Pediatr Orthop. 2003;23:79–83). J Pediatr Orthop. 2009;29:315–316.
Mosca VS. Flexible flatfoot in children and adolescents. J Child Orthop. 2010;4:107–121.
Needleman RL. Current topic review: subtalar arthroereisis for the correction of flexible flatfoot. Foot Ankle Int. 2005;26:336–346.
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Penneau K, Lutter LD, Winter RD. Pes planus: radiographic changes with foot orthoses and shoes. Foot Ankle. 1982;2:299–303.
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Theologis TN, Gordon C, Benson MK. Heel seats and shoe wear. J Pediatr Orthop. 1994;14:760–762.
Vanderwilde R, Staheli LT, Chew DE, et al. Measurements on radiographs of the foot in normal infants and children. J Bone Joint Surg Am. 1988;70:407–415.
Wenger DR, Mauldin D, Speck G, et al. Corrective shoes and inserts as treatment for flexible flatfoot in infants and children. J Bone Joint Surg Am. 1989;71:800–810.
General/Biomechanics
Basmajian JV, Stecko G. The role of muscles in arch support of the foot. J Bone Joint Surg Am. 1963;45:1184–1190.
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Mann R, Inman VT. Phasic activity of intrinsic muscles of the foot. J Bone Joint Surg Am. 1964;46:469–481.
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Scarpa A. A Memoir on the Congenital Club Feet of Children, and of the Mode of Correcting that Deformity. Edinburgh: Archibald Constable; 1818:8–15. Translated by Wishart JH. Clin Orthop Relat Res. 1994;308:4–7.
Staheli LT, Chew DE, Corbett M. The longitudinal arch: a survey of eight hundred and eighty-two feet in normal children and adults. J Bone Joint Surg Am. 1987;69:426–428.
Staheli LT, Corbett M, Wyss C, et al. Lower-extremity rotational problems in children: normal values to guide management. J Bone Joint Surg Am. 1985;67:39–47.
Vanderwilde R, Staheli LT, Chew DE, et al. Measurements on radiographs of the foot in normal infants and children. J Bone Joint Surg Am. 1988;70:407–415.
Vining NC, Warme WJ, Mosca VS. Comparison of structural bone autografts and allografts in pediatric foot surgery. J Pediatr Orthop. 2012;332(7):719–723.
White WJ. Torsion of the Achilles tendon: its surgical significance. Arch Surg Am. 1943;46:784.
Wulker N, Stukenborg C, Savory KM. Hindfoot motion after isolated and combined arthrodeses: measurements in anatomic specimens. Foot Ankle Int. 2000;21:921–927.
Wynne-Davies R. Family studies and the cause of congenital clubfoot, talipes equinovarus, talipes calcaneovalgus and metatarsus varus. J Bone Joint Surg Br. 1964;46–445.
Wynne-Davies R, Littlejohn A, Gormley J. Aetiology and interrelationship of some common skeletal deformities. (Talipes equinovarus and calcaneovalgus, metatarsus varus, congenital dislocation of the hip, and infantile idiopathic scoliosis). J Med Genet. 1982;19:321–328.
Juvenile Hallux Valgus
Antrobus J. The primary deformity in hallux valgus and metatarsus primus varus. Clin Orthop Relat Res. 1984;184:251–255.
Bonney G, Macnab I. Hallux valgus and hallux rigidus: a critical survey of operative results. J Bone Joint Surg Br. 1952;34-B:366–385.
Coughlin M. Juvenile hallux valgus. In: Coughlin M, Mann R, eds. Surgery of the Foot and Ankle. 7th ed. St Louis, MO: Mosby; 1999:270.
Coughlin MJ. Roger A. Mann award. Juvenile hallux valgus: etiology and treatment. Foot Ankle Int. 1995;16:682–697.
Durman D. Metatarsus primus varus and hallux valgus. Arch Surg. 1957;74:128–135.
Goldner JL. Hallux valgus and hallux flexus associated with cerebral palsy: analysis and treatment. Clin Orthop Relat Res. 1981;157:98–104.
Goldner JL, Gaines RW. Adult and juvenile hallux valgus: analysis and treatment. Orthop Clin North Am. 1976;7:863–887.
Groiso JA. Juvenile hallux valgus: conservative approach to treatment. J Bone Joint Surg Am. 1992;74:1367–1374.
Holstein A. Hallux valgus—an acquired deformity of the foot in cerebral palsy. Foot Ankle. 1980;1:33–38.
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Kilmartin TE, Barrington RL, Wallace WA. A controlled prospective trial of a foot orthosis for juvenile hallux valgus. J Bone Joint Surg Br. 1994;76:210–214.
Kilmartin TE, Wallace WA. The significance of pes planus in juvenile hallux valgus. Foot Ankle. 1992;13:53–56.
Price GF. Metatarsus primus varus: including various clinicoradiologic feautres of the female foot. Clin Orthop Relat Res. 1979;145:217–223.
Richardson EG. Complications after hallux valgus surgery. Instr Course Lect. 1999;48:331.
Richardson EG, Graves SC, McClure JT. First metatarsal head-shaft angle: a method of determination. Foot Ankle. 1993;14:181–185.
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Simmonds FM, Menelaux MB. Hallux valgus in adolescents. J Bone Joint Surg Br. 1960;42:761.
Vittetoe DA, Saltzman CL, Krieg JC, et al. Validity and reliability of the first distal metatarsal articular angle. Foot Ankle Int. 1994;15:541–547.
Malformations
Ackland MK, Uhthoff HK. Idiopathic localized gigantism: a 26-year follow-up. J Pediatr Orthop. 1986;6:618.
Barsky A. Macrodactyly. J Bone Joint Surg Am. 1967;49:1255.
Blauth W, Borisch NC. Cleft feet: proposals for a new classification based on roentgenographic morphology. Clin Orthop Relat Res. 1990;258:41–48.
Chang CH, Kumar SJ, Riddle EC, et al. Macrodactyly of the foot. J Bone Joint Surg Am. 2002;84-A:1189–1194.
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Metatarsus Adductus/Skewfoot
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Soft Tissue Procedures
Addante JB, Chin MW, Loomis JC, et al. Subtalar joint arthroereisis with silastic silicone sphere: a retrospective study. J Foot Surg. 1992;31:47.
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Crawford AH, Marxen JL, Osterfeld DL. The Cincinnati incision: a comprehensive approach for surgical procedures of the foot and ankle in childhood. J Bone Joint Surg Am. 1982;64:1355–1358.
DeBoeck H. Butler’s operation for congenital overriding of the fifth toe: retrospective 1–7-year study of 23 cases. Acta Orthop Scand. 1993;64:343.
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McKay DW. New concept of and approach to clubfoot treatment, section II: correction of the clubfoot. J Pediatr Orthop. 1983;3:10–21.
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Saxena A, Nguyen A. Preliminary radiographic findings and sizing implications on patients undergoing bioabsorbable subtalar arthroereisis. J Foot Ankle Surg. 2007;46:175–180.
Seimon LP. Surgical correction of congenital vertical talus under the age of 2 years. J Pediatr Orthop. 1987;7:405–411.
Sherman FC, Westin GW. Plantar release in the correction of deformities of the foot in childhood. J Bone Joint Surg Am. 1981;63:1382–1389.
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Smith SD, Millar EA. Arthrorisis by means of a subtalar polyethylene peg implant for correction of hindfoot pronation in children. Clin Orthop Relat. 1983;(181):15–23.
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Syme, J. Amputation at the ankle joint. Lond Edin Month J Med Sci. 1843;3:93.
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Viladot A. Surgical treatment of the child’s flatfoot. Clin Orthop Relat Res. 1992;283:34.
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Tarsal Coalition
Brown RR, Rosenberg ZS, Thornhill BA. The C sign: more specific for flatfoot deformity than subtalar coalition. Skeletal Radiol. 2001;30:84–87.
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Kumar SJ, Guille JT, Lee MS, et al. Osseous and non-osseous coalition of the middle facet of the talocalcaneal joint. J Bone Joint Surg Am. 1992;74:529–535.
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Wray J, Herndon C. Hereditary transmission of congenital coalition of the calcaneus to the navicular. J Bone Joint Surg Am. 1963;45:365.