Books and Reviews
Capuco AV, Akers RM. The origin and evolution of lactation. J Biol.2009;8(4):37.
Elder K, Dale B. In Vitro Fertilization. Cambridge University Press.: Cambridge, UK; 2000.
Fuchs A-R. Physiology and endocrinology of lactation. Gabbe SG, Niebyl JR, Simpson JL. Obstetrics: Normal and Problem Pregnancies. 3rd ed. Churchill Livingstone: New York; 1996:137–157.
Lamberts SWJ, Macleod RM. Regulation of prolactin secretion at the level of the lactotroph. Physiol Rev. 1990;70:279–318.
Mesiano S. The endocrinology of human pregnancy and fetal-placental neuroendocrine development. Strauss JF III, Barbieri RB. Yen and Jaffe's Reproductive Endocrinology: Physiology, Pathophysiology, and Clinical Management. Saunders.: Philadelphia; 2009.
Moore TR, Reiter RC, Rebar RW, Baker VV. Gynecology and Obstetrics: A Longitudinal Approach. Churchill Livingstone: New York; 1993.
Petraglia F, Imperatore A, Challis JRG. Neuroendocrine mechanisms in pregnancy and parturition. Endocr Rev. 2010;31:783–816.
Ramsey EM, Eonner MW. Placental Vasculature and Circulation. WB Saunders: Philadelphia; 1980.
Stulc J. Placental transfer of inorganic ions and water. Physiol Rev. 1997;77:805–836.
Vonderhaar BK, Ziska SE. Hormonal regulation of milk protein gene expression. Annu Rev Physiol. 1989;51:641–652.
Wilson JD, Foster DW, Kronenberg HM, Larsen PR. Williams Textbook of Endocrinology. 9th ed. WB Saunders: Philadelphia; 1998.
Yen SSC, Jaffe RB. Reproductive Endocrinology. WB Saunders: Philadelphia; 1986.
Young IR, Renfree MB, Mesiano S, et al. The Comparative Physiology of Parturition in Mammals. Norris C, Lopez A. Hormones and Reproduction of Vertebrates. Academic Press: San Diego; 2010.
Journal Articles
Fuch AR, Fuchs F, Husslein P, et al. Oxytocin receptors and human parturition: A dual role for oxytocin in the initiation of labor. Science. 1982;215:1396–1398.
Goebelsmann U, Jaffe RB. Oestriol metabolism in pregnant women. Acta Endocrinol. 1971;66:679–693.
Kao LC, Tulac S, Lobo S, et al. Global gene profiling in human endometrium during the window of implantation. Endocrinology. 2002;143(6):2119–2138.
Kuwabara Y, Takeda S, Mizuno M, Sakamoto S. Oxytocin levels in maternal and fetal plasma, amniotic fluid, and neonatal plasma and urine. Arch Gynecol Obstet. 1987;241:13–23.
Liggins GC. Initiation of parturition. Br Med Bull. 1979;35:145–150.
McMaster MT, Librach CL, Zhou Y, et al. Human placental HLA-G expression is restricted to differentiated cytotrophoblasts. J Immunol.1995;154(8):3771–3778.
Merlino AA, Welsh TN, Tan H, et al. Nuclear progesterone receptors in the human pregnancy myometrium: Evidence that parturition involves functional progesterone withdrawal mediated by increased expression of PR-A. J Clin Endocrinol Metab.2007;92(5):1927–1933.
Perez A, Vela P, Masnick GS, Potter RG. First ovulation after childbirth: The effect of breast feeding. Am J Obstet Gynecol. 1972;114:1041–1047.
Rehman KS, Yin S, Mayhew BA, et al. Human myometrial adaptation to pregnancy: cDNA microarray gene expression profiling of myometrium from non-pregnant and pregnant women. Mol Hum Reprod. 2003;9:681–700.
Tabibzadeh S, Babaknia A. The signals and molecular pathways involved in implantation, a symbiotic interaction between blastocyst and endometrium involving adhesion and tissue invasion. Hum Reprod. 1995;10:1579–1602.
Wigglesworth JS. Vascular organization of the human placenta. Nature. 1967;216:1120–1121.
Wilkening RB, Meschia G. Fetal oxygen uptake, oxygenation, and acid-base balance as a function of uterine blood flow. Am J Physiol. 1983;244:H749–H755.
|
LESION |
REFLEXOGENIC ERECTION |
PSYCHOGENIC ERECTION |
EFFECT ON EJACULATION |
|
Upper motor neuron |
Present |
Absent |
Significantly impaired |
|
Lower motor neuron |
Absent |
Present |
Less impaired |