Douglas J. Mathisen, MD
Chief
Division of Thoracic Surgery
Massachusetts General Hospital
Harvard Medical School
Boston, Massachusetts
Christopher R. Morse, MD
Assistant Professor
Department of Surgery
Division of Thoracic Surgery
Massachusetts General Hospital
Harvard Medical School
Boston, Massachusetts
Series Editor:
Josef E. Fischer, MD, FACS
William V. McDermott Professor of Surgery
Harvard Medical School
Chair
Emeritus
Department of Surgery
Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center
Boston, Massachusetts
Illustrations by: Body Scientific International, LLC.
Anne Rains, Arains Illustration, Inc.
Acquisitions Editor: Keith Donnellan
Product Development Editor: Brendan Huffman
Production Project Manager: David Saltzberg
Design Coordinator: Doug Smock
Senior Manufacturing Manager: Beth Welsh
Marketing Manager: Dan Dressler
Production Service: Aptara, Inc.
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Dedication
I would like to dedicate this book to my family, whose love, support, and sacrifice have meant so much to me. Art and Virginia Mathisen, parents (deceased); Julie Quinn Mathisen, wife; Amy, Jen, Beth, Kate Mathisen, daughters.
—Douglas J. Mathisen
To my parents Frank and Beverley Morse, without whose sacrifice and support this would not have been possible, and to my wife Andrea for her devotion, understanding, and strength.
—Christopher R. Morse
Contributors
Mark S. Allen, MD
Chair
Professor of Surgery
Department of Surgery
Division of General Thoracic Surgery
Mayo Foundation
Mayo Clinic
Rochester, Minnesota
Marco Anile, MD
Department of Thoracic Surgery
University of Rome La Sapienza
Rome, Italy
Mara B. Antonoff, MD
Fellow
Cardiothoracic Surgery
Department of Surgery
Washington University School of Medicine
St. Louis, Missouri
Hugh G. Auchincloss, MD, MPH
General and Cardiothoracic Surgery
Massachusetts General Hospital
Boston, Massachusetts
Jean Philippe Berthet, MD
Thoracic Surgery Department
Hospital Clinic
Barcelona University
Barcelona, Spain
Division of Thoracic Surgery
Hospital Arnaud de Villeneuve
Montpellier University I
Montpellier, France
Rabah Boultifat, MD
Fellow of Thoracic Surgery
Institut universitaire de cardiologie et de pneumologie de Québec (IUCPQ)
Quebec City, Quebec, Canada
Bryan M. Burt, MD
Assistant Professor of Cardiothoracic Surgery
Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery
Division of Thoracic Surgery
Stanford University School of Medicine
Stanford Hospitals and Clinics
Stanford, California
Robert James Cerfolio, MD
Professor of Surgery
Chief of Section of Thoracic Surgery
JH Estes Chair of Lung Cancer Research
Division of Cardiothoracic Surgery
University of Alabama at Birmingham
Birmingham, Alabama
Aaron M. Cheng, MD
Assistant Professor of Surgery
Department of Surgery
Division of Cardiothoracic Surgery
University of Washington
Seattle, Washington
David Tom Cooke, MD
Head
Section of General Thoracic Surgery
University of California Davis Medical Center
Sacramento, California
Wojciech Czajkowski, MD, PhD
Department of Thoracic Surgery
Pulmonary Hospital
Zakopane, Poland
Antonio D’Andrilli, MD
Assistant Professor of Thoracic Surgery
Department of Thoracic Surgery
Sant’Andrea Hospital
University LaSapienza
Rome, Italy
Philippe Dartevelle, MD
Centre Chirurgical Marie Lannelongue
Department of Thoracic and Vascular Surgery and Heart-lung Transplantation
Institute of Thoracic Oncology
Hôpital Marie Lannelongue
Le Plessis Robinson, France
Professor of Cardiothoracic Surgery
Paris Sud University
Le Kremlin Bicêtre, France
Hiroshi Date, MD
Professor and Chairman
Department of Thoracic Surgery
Kyoto University Graduate School of Medicine
Kyoto, Japan
Jean Deslauriers, MD, FRCS(C)
Professor of Surgery at Laval University
Division of Thoracic Surgery
Institut Universitaire de Cardiologie et de Pneumologie de Québec (IUCPQ)
Quebec City, Quebec, Canada
Daniele Diso, MD
Department of Thoracic Surgery
University of Rome La Sapienza
Rome, Italy
Dominic Emerson, MD
Department of Surgery
Georgetown University Hospital
Washington, District of Columbia
Elie Fadel, MD, PhD
Centre Chirurgical Marie Lannelongue
Department of Thoracic and Vascular Surgery and Heart-lung Transplantation
Institute of Thoracic Oncology
Hôpital Marie Lannelongue
Le Plessis Robinson, France
Professor of Cardiothoracic Surgery
Paris Sud University
Le Kremlin Bicêtre, France
Olivia Fanucchi, MD
Research Fellow
Cardiothoracic and Vascular Department
Division of Thoracic Surgery
Cisanello Hospital
Pisa, Italy
Juan J. Fibla, MD
Thoracic Surgery Department
Hospital Idc Salud Sagrat Cor
Barcelona University
Barcelona, Spain
Raja M. Flores, MD
Steven and Ann Ames Professor of Thoracic Surgery
Chief
Division of Thoracic Surgery
Director of Thoracic Surgical Oncology Program
Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery
Mount Sinai Medical Center
New York, New York
N. Golan, MD
Staff Thoracic Surgeon
Department of Thoracic Surgery
Sheba Medical Center
University of Tel Aviv
Ramat-Gan, Israel
Abel Gómez-Caro, MD
Thoracic Surgery Department
Hospital Clinic
Barcelona University
Barcelona, Spain
Jocelyn Grégoire, MD
Division of Thoracic Surgery
Institut universitaire de cardiologie et de pneumologie de Québec (IUCPQ)
Quebec City, Quebec, Canada
Sean C. Grondin, MD, MPH
Clinical Associate Professor of Surgery
Section of Thoracic Surgery
Department of Surgery
Foothills Medical Center
University of Calgary
Calgary, Alberta, Canada
Ilhan Inci, MD
Associate Professor
Department of Thoracic Surgery
University Hospital
University of Zurich
Zurich, Switzerland
Andrew J. Kaufman, MD
Assistant Professor
Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery
Division of Thoracic Surgery
Mount Sinai Medical Center
New York, New York
Jordan Kazakov, MD
CHUM Endoscopic Tracheobronchial and Oesophageal Center (CETOC)
Division of Thoracic Surgery
Centre Hospitalier de l’Université de Montréal
Clinical and Research Fellow
CETOC
Department of Thoracic Surgery
University of Montreal
Montréal, Quebec
Shaf Keshavjee, MD
Toronto General Hospital
University Health Network
University of Toronto
Toronto, Ontario, Canada
Oskar Kizhner, MD
LT, MC, U.S. Navy
Cardiothoracic Research Fellow
Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery
Walter Reed National Military Medical Center
Bethesda, Maryland
Gregor J. Kocher, MD
Assistant Professor
Staff Surgeon
Division of General Thoracic Surgery
University Hospital of Bern
Bern, Switzerland
Tibor Krajc, MD
Department of Thoracic Surgery
Otto Wagner Hospital
Vienna, Austria
Michael Lanuti, MD
Assistant Professor of Surgery
Harvard Medical School
Director of Thoracic Oncology
Division of Thoracic Surgery
Massachusetts General Hospital
Boston, Massachusetts
Gunda Leschber, MD
Head
Department of Thoracic Surgery
ELK-Berlin Chest Hospital
Berlin, Germany
Moishe Liberman, MD, PhD
Department of Surgery
Division of Thoracic Surgery
Centre Hospitalier de l’Université de Montréal
Associate Professor
Director
CHUM Endoscopic Tracheobronchial and Oesophageal Center (CETOC)
Department of Surgery
Division of Thoracic Surgery
University of Montreal
Montréal, Quebec, Canada
M. Blair Marshall, MD
Chief
Division of Thoracic Surgery
Georgetown University Hospital
Associate Professor
Georgetown University School of Medicine
Washington, District of Columbia
Douglas J. Mathisen, MD
Chief
Division of Thoracic Surgery
Massachusetts General Hospital
Harvard Medical School
Boston, Massachusetts
Robert J. McKenna Jr, MD
Chief
Thoracic Surgery
Professor
Department of Surgery
Cedars Sinai Medical Center
Los Angeles, California
Franca M. A. Melfi, MD
Cardiothoracic and Vascular Department
Division of Thoracic Surgery
Chair of Multidisciplinary Robotic Center
Cisanello Hospital
Pisa, Italy
Olaf Mercier, MD, PhD
Centre Chirurgical Marie Lannelongue
Department of Thoracic and Vascular Surgery and Heart-lung Transplantation
Institute of Thoracic Oncology
Le Plessis Robinson, France
Assistant Professor
Paris Sud University
Le Kremlin Bicêtre, France
Robert E. Merritt, MD
Assistant Professor of Cardiothoracic Surgery
Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery
Division of Thoracic Surgery
Stanford Hospitals and Clinics
Stanford University School of Medicine
Assistant Professor of Cardiothoracic Surgery
Division of Thoracic Surgery
Falk Cardiovascular Research Center
Stanford, California
Bryan F. Meyers, MD, MPH
Patrick and Joy Williamson Endowed Chair in Cardiothoracic Surgery
Chief
Section of Thoracic Surgery
Professor
Department of Surgery
Division of Cardiothoracic Surgery
Washington University School of Medicine
St. Louis, Missouri
John D. Mitchell, MD
Courtenay C. and Lucy Patten Davis Endowed Chair in Thoracic Surgery
Professor and Chief
Section of General Thoracic Surgery
Division of Cardiothoracic Surgery, C-310
University of Colorado Denver School of Medicine
Aurora, Colorado
Laureano Molins, MD
Thoracic Surgery Department
Hospital Idc Salud Sagrat Cor
Barcelona University
Barcelona, Spain
Christopher R. Morse, MD
Assistant Professor
Department of Surgery
Division of Thoracic Surgery
Massachusetts General Hospital
Harvard Medical School
Boston, Massachusetts
Michael Rolf Mueller, PhD
Professor
Department of Thoracic Surgery
Otto Wagner Hospital
Vienna, Austria
Alfredo Mussi, MD
Cardiothoracic and Vascular Department
Division of Thoracic Surgery
Cisanello Hospital
Professor of Thoracic Surgery
University of Pisa
Pisa, Italy
Tomasz Nabiałek, MD
Department of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care
Pulmonary Hospital
Zakopane, Poland
Daniel G. Nicastri, MD
Thoracic Surgeon
LCDR, MC, U.S. Navy
Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery
Walter Reed National Military Medical Center
Assistant Professor
Department of Surgery
Uniformed Services University of Health Sciences
Bethesda, Maryland
Francis C. Nichols, MD
Consultant
Associate Professor of Surgery
Division of General Thoracic Surgery
Mayo Clinic
Rochester, Minnesota
Harald C. Ott, MD
Division of Thoracic Surgery
Massachusetts General Hospital
Harvard Medical School
Boston, Massachusetts
Juliusz Pankowski, MD, PhD
Department of Pathology
Pulmonary Hospital
Zakopane, Poland
Marc de Perrot, MD
Toronto General Hospital
University Health Network
University of Toronto
Toronto, Ontario, Canada
Dan Raz, MD
Assistant Professor of Surgery
Co-Director, Thoracic Oncology Program
Division of Thoracic Surgery
City of Hope Medical Center
Duarte, California
Erino A. Rendina, MD
Department of Thoracic Surgery
Sant’Andrea Hospital
Rome, Italy
Laurence D. Rhines, MD
Professor
Department of Neurosurgery
MD Anderson Cancer Center
The University of Texas
Houston, Texas
Gaetano Rocco, MD
Director
Department of Thoracic Surgery and Oncology
Chief
Division of Thoracic Surgery
National Cancer Institute
Pascale Foundation
Naples, Italy
Valerie W. Rusch, MD
Chief
Thoracic Surgery Service
Vice Chair
Clinical Research
Miner Family Chair in Intrathoracic Cancers
Department of Surgery
Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center
New York, New York
David Sánchez, MD
Thoracic Surgery Department
Hospital Clinic
Barcelona University
Barcelona, Spain
Colin Schieman, MD, BSc
Assistant Professor of Surgery
Department of Surgery
Division of Thoracic Surgery
McMaster University
Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
Ralph A. Schmid, MD
Professor of Surgery
Director
Division of General Thoracic Surgery
University Hospital of Bern
Bern, Switzerland
Joseph B. Shrager, MD
Professor of Cardiothoracic Surgery
Chief
Division of Thoracic Surgery
Stanford University School of Medicine
Stanford Hospitals and Clinics
Veterans Affairs Palo Alto Health Care System
Stanford, California
Smita Sihag, MD, MPH
Thoracic Surgery
Massachusetts General Hospital
Boston, Massachusetts
Tae H. Song, MD
Fellow
Department of Surgery
Division of Thoracic Surgery
Massachusetts General Hospital
Boston, Massachusetts
Artur Szlubowski, MD, PhD
Bronchoscopy Unit
Pulmonary Hospital
Zakopane, Poland
Claudio E. Tatsui, MD
Assistant Professor
Department of Neurosurgery
MD Anderson Cancer Center
The University of Texas
Houston, Texas
Eric H. Twerdahl, MD
Department of Surgery
Massachusetts General Hospital
Boston, Massachusetts
Paula A. Ugalde, MD
Associate Professor of Surgery
Division of Thoracic Surgery
Laval University
Institut universitaire de cardiologie et de pneumologie de Québec (IUCPQ)
Quebec City, Quebec, Canada
Federico Venuta, MD
Cattedra di Chirurgia Toracica
Policlinico Umberto I
Università di Roma Sapienza
Fondazione Eleonora Lorillard Spencer Cenci
Department of Thoracic Surgery
Sant’Andrea Hospital
Rome, Italy
Thomas K. Waddell, MD, MSc, PhD
Head
Division of Thoracic Surgery
University Health Network (Toronto General Hospital)
Pearson-Ginsberg Chair
Division of Thoracic Surgery
Professor
Department of Surgery
Institute of Biomaterials and Biomedical Engineering
University of Toronto
Toronto, Ontario
John C. Wain, MD
Assistant Professor of Surgery
Division of General Thoracic Surgery
Massachusetts General Hospital
Harvard Medical School
Boston, Massachusetts
Garrett L. Walsh, MD
Professor
Department of Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery
MD Anderson Cancer Center
The University of Texas
Houston, Texas
Walter Weder, MD
Professor of Surgery
Clinic Director
Department of Thoracic Surgery
University Hospital
University of Zurich
Zurich, Switzerland
Benjamin Wei, MD
Assistant Professor
Division of Cardiothoracic Surgery
University of Alabama at Birmingham
Birmingham, Alabama
Todd S. Weiser, MD
Director
Thoracic Surgery
White Plains Hospital Center
White Plains, New York
Michael J. Weyant, MD
Associate Professor of Surgery
Department of Surgery
Division of Cardiothoracic Surgery
University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Center
University of Colorado
Aurora, Colorado
Douglas E. Wood, MD
Professor and Chief
Division of Cardiothoracic Surgery
Vice-Chair
Department of Surgery
Endowed Chair in Lung Cancer Research
University of Washington
Seattle, Washington
Cameron D. Wright, MD
Visiting Surgeon
Division of Thoracic Surgery
Massachusetts General Hospital
Professor of Surgery
Harvard Medical School
Boston, Massachusetts
Yang Zhiguang, MD
Fellow of Thoracic Surgery
Institut universitaire de cardiologie et de pneumologie de Québec (IUCPQ)
Quebec City, Quebec, Canada
Marcin Zielin´ski, MD, PhD
Department of Thoracic Surgery
Pulmonary Hospital
Zakopane, Poland